Everything You Should Know about Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery
A hernia is a pathological condition in which internal organs protrude through weakened or damaged areas of the abdominal wall. It can develop anywhere, but in most cases, it occurs in the groin area (inguinal hernia), along the abdominal line (umbilical hernia), and on surgical scars (ventral hernia). Nowadays, laparoscopic surgery is actively used to treat hernias - a minimally invasive method characterized by low trauma, quick recovery, and low risk of complications.
Features of laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure in which the surgeon performs surgery through several small incisions using special instruments and a video camera. Unlike the traditional method, which involves making one large incision, laparoscopy allows the operation to be performed through several small holes with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm. This minimizes tissue trauma, reduces the risk of infection, and shortens the recovery period.
The procedure involves the use of a laparoscope - a thin tube with a camera at the end that transmits a magnified image to a screen, allowing the surgeon to see the internal structures in detail. The introduction of the camera and instruments through small punctures makes it possible to perform all the necessary manipulations with high precision.
Advantages of laparoscopic hernia surgery
Laparoscopic hernia surgery has gained popularity due to a number of advantages over traditional methods:
- Minimal tissue trauma. Small incisions instead of one large incision minimize tissue damage and allow for faster healing.
- Lower risk of infections and complications. Smaller punctures in the abdomen significantly reduce the likelihood of infection entering the abdominal cavity and the risk of postoperative complications.
- Fast recovery. The rehabilitation period after laparoscopic surgery is significantly shorter than after traditional surgery. Depending on the type of hernia and the extent of the procedure, patients can return to their daily lives and work within a few weeks, sometimes sooner.
- Cosmetic effect. The small scars left after laparoscopy are less noticeable than after traditional surgery, which is especially important for patients who are sensitive to their appearance.
- Mild pain syndrome. Since tissue trauma is minimal, patients usually experience less pain and discomfort after laparoscopy.
Preparation for laparoscopic surgery
Before laparoscopic surgery, the patient undergoes a comprehensive examination. The doctor assesses the patient's general condition, checks contraindications, and clarifies possible comorbidities. Preparation includes blood tests, ultrasound, and, if necessary, additional examinations such as CT or MRI.
The patient is advised to avoid eating for 8-12 hours before the operation. This is because laparoscopy is performed under general anesthesia, and the presence of food in the stomach during anesthesia can cause complications.
The procedure
Laparoscopic hernia surgery typically takes between 30 minutes and several hours, depending on the type of hernia and the complexity of the case. During the procedure, several punctures are made in the abdominal wall, through which a laparoscope and manipulation instruments are inserted. The surgeon assesses the position of the hernial sac and internal organs and then repositions the organs.
A mesh implant—a special plastic material attached to the hernia site—is used to strengthen weakened areas of the abdominal wall. The mesh prevents relapse by providing additional support to the muscle tissue. Modern materials are characterized by high biocompatibility and stability, which minimizes the risk of rejection.
Recovery after surgery
The rehabilitation period after laparoscopic hernia surgery is faster and less painful compared to traditional methods. In most cases, patients can return home within a few hours or the next day after the procedure. During recovery, it is recommended to avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting.
Full recovery, including the return to normal physical activity, usually takes about 2-4 weeks. Some pain or discomfort may occur in the first few days after the operation, which can be easily relieved by taking painkillers.
It is important to follow your doctor's recommendations to avoid possible complications. These include avoiding sudden movements and straining the stomach, following a diet to prevent constipation and bloating, and wearing a support band if prescribed.
Possible risks and complications
Despite its many benefits, laparoscopic hernia surgery comes with some risks. Possible complications include recurrence of the hernia, infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding organs. However, with modern equipment and a qualified approach to treatment, the frequency of such complications is significantly lower compared to open surgery.